Anything of value owned by an individual or organization, such as cash, real estate, investments, or inventory.
A prolonged period of declining prices in a financial market, typically a drop of 20% or more.
Refers to well-established, financially sound companies with a history of reliable performance.
A debt instrument where an investor loans money to an issuer (e.g., a company or government) in exchange for periodic interest payments and the return of the bond’s face value at maturity.
A period of rising prices in the financial market, indicating optimism and economic growth.
Excise duty is a type of indirect tax levied by a government on the manufacture, sale, or consumption of specific goods and services within a country. It is typically imposed on products that are considered luxury items or goods with high demand, as well as those that could have negative social or environmental effects, such as alcohol, tobacco, and fuel.
A financial situation where expenses exceed income, or the sale price of an asset is less than its purchase cost.
The value of an individual’s or company’s assets minus its liabilities, indicating financial health.
The financial gain when revenue exceeds expenses.
The total income generated by the sale of goods or services before any expenses are deducted.
The ability of an individual or company to meet its long-term financial obligations.